DRC - Mines - Diversification of mining operations

The Democratic Republic of Congo is known for its mining potential, representing no fewer than 1,100 different mineral substances. Accounting for more than 201,000 tons of GDP, the mining sector is one of the major pillars of the country's economy. All provinces boast mineral resources.

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An estimated 951,300 tonnes of Congolese exports consist of raw materials, mainly copper and cobalt. The largest volume, approximately 401,300 tonnes, is destined for China.

The reform of this sector by opening it up to private partners has attracted several subsidiaries of the world's largest multinationals to the DRC. This massive presence has fostered the meteoric rise in the country's mining production over the years, which explains the spectacular improvement in the country's macroeconomic indicators.

Growth in the DRC has rebounded sharply, rising from 1.71t/3t in 2020 to an estimated 6.21t/3t in 2021, well above the 4.51t/3t rate recorded in sub-Saharan Africa, according to an annual IMF assessment. This vigorous recovery is attributed to the performance of the mining sector, which alone accounts for two-thirds of the country's FDI ($600 million out of $1 billion).

The DRC is the leading copper producer in Africa, with a record of more than 1.6 million tonnes of copper in 2020, compared to 1.4 million in 2019. Production increased in 2021 with the start of production at the Kamoa-Kakula mine. It is the world's leading producer of cobalt (85,855.6 tonnes in 2020, compared to 77,964 tonnes in 2019). In the gold sector, the Kibali mine produced a record 814,027 ounces of gold in 2020, compared to 750,000 ounces produced in 2019.

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Fundu Nzobe phosphate resources in the Lower River district are estimated at 70 million gross tonnes with an average P2O5 content of 27%. At Kanzi, the same resources are estimated at 25 million tonnes with an average P2O5 content of 17%. At Vangu, they are estimated at 20 million tonnes with 22% of P2O5.

The existence of significant iron deposits has been recognized in Orientale Province, Kasai, and Katanga. Reserves in Orientale Province and Kasai deposits are estimated at several million tons. Manganese, on the other hand, appears as an accessory element in many mineral associations. The Kasekelessa and Kisenge deposits are the largest (reserves estimated at 14 million tons).

Tin products, namely cassiterite, coltan and wolframite, commonly known as 3T (Tin, Tantalum and Tungsten), come from the Eastern Provinces, specifically Maniema, North Kivu, South Kivu, Haut-Katanga, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba and Tanganyika.

The country also has significant lithium reserves. In the medium and long term, the DRC's economic potential is enormous, with the development of lithium batteries in the automotive industry and advanced technologies.

As the DRC's main source of foreign currency, international price movements are closely monitored by experts. However, miners are more interested in the long-term outlook, given the mine's operating life. On this specific point, the outlook is quite good, with nickel and lithium mining following strong demand. The rise in global demand for certain strategic products such as cobalt, copper, nickel, and lithium must be the key element in a sound analysis of the mining sector's outlook. The DRC will play an important role in the global ecological transition that began in recent years.