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– The essential electricity sector

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one of the countries with the least access to electricity. Most of its energy comes from the Inga 1 and 2 dams, which, like most of the country's hydroelectric facilities, are in need of rehabilitation.
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Fewer than 19% of Congolese had access to electricity in 2022. To date, only about forty hydroelectric facilities with a capacity greater than 50 kW are in operation, while the country has a hydroelectric potential among the five largest in the world of approximately 100 Gigawatts. According to a World Bank estimate, maintaining the current rate of electrification means that 80% of the population will still live without access to the electricity grid by 2030. This situation is aggravated by the state of the distribution network, which is deteriorated or non-existent in a large part of the country.
Dependent on its hydroelectric resources, the country nevertheless possesses ideal conditions for large-scale solar energy exploitation. Congo lies in a very high sunshine band, allowing for average irradiation of 3.5 to 5.5 kWh/m² and up to 6.75 kWh/m².
In July 2022, the DRC's membership in the Regional Association of Energy Regulators for Eastern and Southern Africa (AREOFA) marks a significant milestone. It marks the rise of the Electricity Regulatory Authority (ARE). The latter, created in 2016, strives to ensure open and fair competition in the Congolese electricity market by establishing a sufficiently robust and transparent regulatory framework.
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For the period from 2022 to 2025, $120 million in investment from technical and financial partners in the electricity sector has been mobilized. According to the National Agency for Electrification and Energy Services in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas (ANSER), part of this amount is earmarked for risk reduction mechanisms for the private sector. Other results achieved include the appropriation of local electrification plans by the various sector ministries and the alignment of donors and the private sector. Finally, the Agency notes the mobilization of the private sector for the implementation of various investment projects in Public-Private-Population partnership for 2022 and beyond, to enable access to electricity for all, according to the government's grassroots development program for 145 territories. 200 priority electrification projects are planned for an envelope estimated at $300 million. 64 of these projects are already funded to the tune of $70 million through the 2022 national budget allocation for priority projects.
According to the Electricity Regulatory Index (ERI) report covering the period from July 2020 to the end of 2021, published by the African Development Bank (AfDB), the DRC is on the list of countries with the best regulated electricity sector on the continent.
Funded by the UK's FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office), the Essor program's technical support will install the world's largest solar mini-grids in the DRC by 2023, radically changing the paradigm of the electricity sector. This project is the first of its kind in the DRC, a country that suffers from one of the lowest electricity access rates in the world.
In June 2021, the Ministry of Water Resources and Electricity signed three concession contracts with an international consortium consisting of CDC GridWorks, Eranove, and AEE Power to develop, finance, build, and operate the world's largest solar mini-grids in the northern towns of Bumba, Gemena, and Isiro. The facilities, estimated at a total cost of $100 million, are expected to be commissioned in 2023 and will serve approximately half a million people. The signing of these contracts marks a turning point for the DRC's electricity market, paving the way for increased private investment in this strategic sector. Indeed, increasing regulation of the electricity sector could ultimately boost investment in new infrastructure.
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